The steering system must provide control over the direction of travel of the vehicle; good maneuverability for parking the vehicle; smooth recovery from turns, as the driver releases the steering wheel; and minimum transmission of road shocks from the road surface.
The effort by the driver is transferred from the steering wheel, down the steering column, to a steering box.
The steering box converts the rotary motion of the steering wheel, to the linear motion needed to steer the vehicle.
It also gives the driver a mechanical advantage.
The linear motion from the steering box is then transferred by tie-rods, to the steering arms at the front wheels. The tie rods have ball joints that allow steering movement, and movement of the suspension.
The steering-arm ball-joints are arranged so that movement in the suspension does not affect steering operation.
Summary
The steering system provides control over direction of travel, good manoeuvrability, smooth recovery from turns, and minimum transmission of road shocks.
Diagram of steering system
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